GSM or Grams per Square Meter is a term used to explain mass and density of a fabric. In simple terms, it means how many grams fabric weighs per square meter. Fabrics with higher GSM are heavier and thicker, whereas lower GSM fabrics are lighter and thinner.
GSM Full Form in Garment Industry
In the garment industry, especially in fabric production, GSM stands for Grams per Square Meter. It assists fabric producers, designers, and buyers in estimating the strength and density of the material used. Whether it is t-shirts, jeans, or home textiles, every fabric incorporating these products has a defined GSM specification which greatly impacts its quality and price.
Why is GSM Important in Fabrics?
Some important considerations while doing estimation of:
- Durability of fabric
- Fabric comfort and breathable nature
- Weather and seasonal appropriateness
- Expenses incurred for production
As an example, a cotton fabric of 150 GSM may be ideal for summer t-shirts, while a 350 fleece may be better suited for winter hoodies.
How to Measure GSM in Cloth
To calculate GSM of a fabric at home requires some basic tools:
- Take a sample patch of fabric measuring 10 cm x 10 cm.
- Use a sensitive scale to record the weight of the sample in grams.
- GSM can then be calculated by multiplying the measured weight by 100.
Example:
If a 10×10 cm sample weighs 2 grams:
GSM = 2 × 100 = 200 GSM
Which GSM Fabric is Good?
The “best” GSM depends on the use case:
| Fabric Type | Ideal GSM Range | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Summer T-Shirts | 120–160 GSM | Lightweight, breathable |
| Shirts & Dresses | 160–220 GSM | Moderate weight, everyday wear |
| Hoodies & Jackets | 250–400 GSM | Heavyweight, winter clothing |
| Towels | 300–900 GSM | Higher GSM = more absorbent & soft |
| Bedsheets | 150–400 GSM | Depends on desired softness and warmth |
Applications of Different GSM Ranges
- Lower GSM (less than 150): Best used for sheer fabrics, linings, and summer wear.
- Medium GSM (150-300): Ideal for shirts, dresses, and uniforms.
- High GSM (greater than 300): Most suitable for jackets, upholstery, and winter garments.
Conclusion
There is no denying that fabric selection for garments or any textile application needs to consider GSM as a critical parameter. It affects the feel and durability of the fabric, but also outlines the quality and adaptability for different climates and purposes. From a fashion designer to a manufacturer or a buyer, knowing GSM aids in making better decisions.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What does GSM mean in relation to clothing?
GSM refers to Grams Per Square Meter, an industry standard measurement concerning the weight of fabric.
2. What is the optimum GSM for T-shirts?
For standard T-shirts, 160 GSM to 180 t-shirts are preferred since they are comfortable and durable at the same time.
3. Does it mean better quality fabric if it has higher GSM?
Not necessarily. Higher GSM indicates thicker and heavier fabric which is good for winter clothes but not for summertime wear.
4. How do I calculate GSM if I do not have a GSM cutter?
Estimation can be done by multiplying the weight of a square whose sides measure 10×10 cm by 100.
5. What GSM grade should be expected from premium bedsheets?
The weight of premium bedsheets is usually 300 to 600 GSM, which gives the bedsheets a sumptuously soft texture.
